Psychodynamic And Humanistic Theories Of Psychology

Psychodynamic and Humanistic Personality Theories The study of the human mind is an interesting topic to discuss about, we have many theorists that have come up with many different ideas or theories, in how to evaluate the mind of humans, two main ways to study the mind in psychology are psychodynamic approach and humanistic approach. Even though these theories are to evaluate human minds they have different views in how the mind works. In psychodynamic approach, the way the mind is viewed is that our behaviors and feelings are from deep unconscious thoughts that lead to aggression and sexuality problems. On the other hand, humanistic therapist has a different perspective of how the mind is viewed. The humanistic approach is studying a†¦show more content†¦The ego is that personality that is shown to the real world and is also the mediator between the Id and the superego. Finally, the superego is built by the morality and belief of society for example growing up with parents and caregivers are the main source to mold the su perego in individuals. To be psychologically healthy, we must successfully complete each stage. (McLeod, S, 2013). Most of the psychosexual stages are molded during childhood. Freud believed that not having a balance between the superego, ego and Id could emerged to have an imbalanced personality. Freud not only composed a theory, he also did a therapy to help individuals with mental issues. During therapy sessions, the patient or individual have permission to say what comes into their mind this approach is defined as free association. In the session is expected repressed memories to emerge from the patient. Freud reported that his free associating patients occasionally experienced such an emotionally intense and vivid memory that they almost relived the experience. (McLeod, S. 2007). After the vivid memory in the session the individual feels relieved and depending per individual the number of session given are from two to five sessions per week for a few months or even years. Rogers Humanistic Approach Summary On the other hand, humanistic approach is another theory of psychology. Carl Roger was a humanistic theorist and created a personality theory between 1902 and 1987. Roger’s believed that everyShow MoreRelatedPsychodynamic approach: the basics1202 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand behaviour They are many theories in psychology that can be used to â€Å"understand† behaviour, two theories I am going to look at are; Psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach. I will discuss these 2 psychological theories of development and explain how it accounts for the psychological development, health and behaviour of the individual. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was considered the founding father of the psychodynamic approach. Psychodynamic theory is a view that explains personalityRead MorePersonalities Theories Paper785 Words   |  4 PagesRUNNING HEAD: PERSONALITIES THEORIES PAPER Personality Theories Paper Izine Harris University of Phoenix Kurtis Armstrong October 14, 2012 Personality Theories Paper Personality is derived from of many different theories and genres. Personality typically can be reference to as many diverse arrays of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that sets each individual apart in a unique way. Theorist has concluded that an individual external influence can inspire how certain traits are articulatedRead MorePersonality Analysis Paper1521 Words   |  7 Pagesideas and theories from wide variety of scholars. Personality is also something people can share and relate to with one another. According to Allport, â€Å"Personality is about what is unique to the individual, but it is also about what is shared across people† (Allport, 1962). Although there are several approaches to the personality analysis, this paper will specifically focus on the psychodynamic, humanistic and existential approaches. This paper will compare and contrast these theories, explore theRead MoreFour Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology1803 Words   |  7 Pagesmany approaches to clinical psychology; the four major approaches are in psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems. Using the four major approaches contributes to the effectiveness in treatment by identifying the goals of each approach. The paper will break down the approaches, goals, techniques, and the overall approaches used. Philosophical Origins of Clinical Psychology ApproachesAs Thomas Plante (2005) cleverly suggested, clinical psychology is both a science and an artRead Moremodels and approaches relate to client need, therapeutic context and aims and objectives of the therapy.1106 Words   |  5 Pageslook to condition new behaviours, or through the idea of internal behaviour, such as the Psychodynamic approach and believing the unconscious needs to be divulged, the aim of all approaches is to enable the client to lead a positive and prosperous life, in the words of Carl Rogers, as a â€Å"Fully functioning person†. The models have introduced the idea of the individual being central to psychology. The Psychodynamic approach believes that (R. Gross (Hodder, 2010 ) â€Å"Much of our behaviour is determinedRead MoreThe Psychological Approaches Of Psychology885 Words   |  4 PagesThere are different psychological approaches in psychology. I mentioned these in great detail in my previous assignment; I will now discuss the different psychological approaches to health practice. The psychological approaches are; Behaviourist, Psychodynamic, Humanistic. The behaviourist theory is all about teaching behaviour whether it is appropriate of not when you can see the changes in behaviour is when you know it has worked. The behavioural learning technique is the result of conditioningRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Psychology Is Defined As The Scientific Study Of The Human Mind And Behavior1281 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology is defined as the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. It was established as a separate discipline during the late 1800s and can be taken back to the time of the ancient Greeks. From around 500BC to 322 BC, Greek philosophers suggested a theory of â€Å"psyche† that is where the word psychology comes from. This meaning the mind, soul and spirit. The Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were some of the most influential philosophers of their time. However, due toRead MoreTheories Of Classical Conditioning, Psychodynamic, Cognitive And Humanistic1224 Words   |  5 PagesThere are four theoretical approaches in Psychology. In this essay I will evaluate and analyse the four main approaches which are: Behaviourist, Psychodynamic, Cognitive and Humanistic. Behaviourists believe that everyone is born as a ‘blank slate’ and that all behaviours are learned through interaction with the environment around you. They believe that we learn new behaviour through classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning theory. Classical conditioning occurs when twoRead MoreA Summary of the Psychodynamic Theory and Sigmund Freuds Ideas1826 Words   |  7 PagesIt is difficult to summarize psychodynamic theory without a brief discussion of Freud. Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis, the father of psychodynamic theory, and in effect the father of modern psychotherapy. Freuds notions retain quite a bit of popularity, especially his ideas that things are not what they seem on the surface. Because of his understanding of the mind and behavior, Freud considered that overt behaviors were not always self-explanatory (or perhaps not often explanatoryRead MoreThe Question in the Origins of Psychology is What Drives Us and Why722 Words   |  3 Pageswas considered as its own scientific discipline. Psychology began in 1879 when a man named Wilhelm Wundt set up a psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. This laboratory would be considered the birth place of experimental psychology. Within the laboratory, Wundt independently trained over 180 students. Over 100 of these students came from other countries, and then returned to their native countries with the knowledge of experimental psychology. Of the one-hundred, Edward Titchener returned to

The Host Chapter 59 Remembered Free Essays

The beginning would feel like the end. I’d been warned. But this time the end was a greater surprise than it had ever been. We will write a custom essay sample on The Host Chapter 59: Remembered or any similar topic only for you Order Now Greater than any end I’d remembered in nine lives. Greater than jumping down an elevator shaft. I had expected no more memories, no more thoughts. What end was this? The sun is setting-the colors are all rosy, and they make me think of my friend†¦ what would her name be here? Something about†¦ ruffles? Ruffles and more ruffles. She was a beautiful Flower. The flowers here are so lifeless and boring. They smell wonderful, though. Smells are the best part of this place. Footsteps behind me. Has Cloud Spinner followed me again? I don’t need a jacket. It’s warm here-finally!-and I want to feel the air on my skin. I won’t look at her. Maybe she’ll think I can’t hear and she’ll go home. She is so careful with me, but I’m almost grown now. She can’t mother me forever. â€Å"Excuse me?† someone says, and I don’t know the voice. I turn to look at her, and I don’t know the face, either. She’s pretty. The face in the memory jerked me back to myself. That was my face! But I didn’t remember this†¦ â€Å"Hi,† I say. â€Å"Hello. My name is Melanie.† She smiles at me. â€Å"I’m new in town and†¦ I think I’m lost.† â€Å"Oh! Where are you trying to go? I’ll take you. Our car is just back -â€Å" â€Å"No, it’s not far. I was going for a walk, but now I can’t find my way back to Becker Street.† She’s a new neighbor-how nice. I love new friends. â€Å"You’re very close,† I tell her. â€Å"It’s just around the second corner up that way, but you can cut right through this little alley here. It takes you straight there.† â€Å"Could you show me? I’m sorry, what’s your name?† â€Å"Of course! Come with me. I’m Petals Open to the Moon, but my family mostly calls me Pet. Where are you from, Melanie?† She laughs. â€Å"Do you mean San Diego or the Singing World, Pet?† â€Å"Either one.† I laugh, too. I like her smile. â€Å"There are two Bats on this street. They live in that yellow house with the pine trees.† â€Å"I’ll have to say hello,† she murmurs, but her voice has changed, tensed. She’s looking into the dusky alley as though she’s expecting to see something. And there is something there. Two people, a man and a boy. The boy drags his hand through his long black hair like he’s nervous. Maybe he is worried because he’s lost, too. His pretty eyes are wide and excited. The man is very still. Jamie. Jared. My heart thumped, but the feeling was peculiar, wrong. Too small and†¦ fluttery. â€Å"These are my friends, Pet,† Melanie tells me. â€Å"Oh! Oh, hello.† I stretch my hand out to the man-he’s the closest. He reaches for my hand, and his grip is so strong. He yanks me forward, right up to his body. I don’t understand. This feels wrong. I don’t like it. My heart beats faster, and I’m afraid. I’ve never been scared like this before. I don’t understand. His hand swings toward my face, and I gasp. I suck in the mist that comes from his hand. A silver cloud that tastes like raspberries. â€Å"Wha -† I want to ask, but I can’t see them anymore. I can’t see anything†¦ There was no more. â€Å"Wanda? Can you hear me, Wanda?† a familiar voice asked. That wasn’t the right name†¦ was it? My ears didn’t react to it, but something did. Wasn’t I Petals Open to the Moon? Pet? Was that it? That didn’t feel right, either. My heart beat faster, an echo of the fear in my memory. A vision of a woman with white-and-red-streaked hair and kind green eyes filled my head. Where was my mother? But†¦ she wasn’t my mother, was she? A sound, a low voice that echoed around me. â€Å"Wanda. Come back. We aren’t letting you go.† The voice was familiar, and it was also not. It sounded like†¦ me? Where was Petals Open to the Moon? I couldn’t find her. Just a thousand empty memories. A house full of pictures but no inhabitants. â€Å"Use the Awake,† a voice said. I didn’t recognize this one. Something brushed my face, light as the touch of fog. I knew that scent. It was the smell of grapefruit. I took a deeper breath, and my mind suddenly cleared. I could feel that I was lying down†¦ but this felt wrong, too. There wasn’t†¦ enough of me. I felt shrunken. My hands were warmer than the rest of me, and that was because they were being held. Held in big hands, hands that swallowed them right up. It smelled odd-stuffy and a little moldy. I remembered the smell†¦ but surely I’d never smelled it before in my life. I saw nothing but dull red-the insides of my eyelids. I wanted to open them, so I went searching for the right muscles to do that. â€Å"Wanderer? We’re all waiting for you, honey. Open your eyes.† This voice, this warm breath against my ear, was even more familiar. A strange feeling tickled through my veins at the sound. A feeling I’d never, ever felt before. The sound made my breath catch and my fingers tremble. I wanted to see the face that went with that voice. A color washed through my mind-a color that called to me from a faraway life-a brilliant, glowing blue. The whole universe was bright blue†¦ And finally I knew my name. Yes, that was right. Wanderer. I was Wanderer. Wanda, too. I remembered that now. A light touch on my face-a warm pressure on my lips, on my eyelids. Ah, that’s where they were. I could make them blink now that I’d found them. â€Å"She’s waking up!† someone crowed excitedly. Jamie. Jamie was here. My heart gave another fluttery little thump. It took a moment for my eyes to focus. The blue that stabbed my eyes was all wrong-too pale, too washed out. It wasn’t the blue I wanted. A hand touched my face. â€Å"Wanderer?† I looked to the sound. The movement of my head on my neck felt so odd. It didn’t feel like it used to, but at the same time it felt the way it had always felt. My searching eyes found the blue I’d been looking for. Sapphire, snow, and midnight. â€Å"Ian? Ian, where am I?† The sound of the voice coming out of my throat frightened me. So high and trilling. Familiar, but not mine. â€Å"Who am I?† â€Å"You’re you,† Ian told me. â€Å"And you’re right where you belong.† I pulled one of my hands free from the giant’s hand that held it. I meant to touch my face, but someone’s hand reached toward me, and I froze. The reaching hand also froze above me. I tried to move my hand again, to protect myself, but that moved the hand above me. I started shaking, and the hand trembled. Oh. I opened and closed the hand, looking at it carefully. Was this my hand, this tiny thing? It was a child’s hand, except for the long pink-and-white nails, filed into perfect, smooth curves. The skin was fair, with a strange silvery cast to it and, entirely incongruous, a scattering of golden freckles. It was the odd combination of silver and gold that brought the image back: I could see a face in my head, reflected in a mirror. The setting of the memory threw me off for a moment because I wasn’t used to so much civilization-at the same time, I knew nothing but civilization. A pretty dresser with all kinds of frilly and delicate things on top of it. A profusion of dainty glass bottles containing the scents I loved-I loved? Or she loved?-so much. A potted orchid. A set of silver combs. The big round mirror was framed in a wreath of metal roses. The face in the mirror was roundish, too, not quite oval. Small. The skin on the face had the same silver undertone-silver like moonlight-as the hand did, with another handful of the golden freckles across the bridge of the nose. Wide gray eyes, the silver of the soul shimmering faintly behind the soft color, framed by tangled golden lashes. Pale pink lips, full and almost round, like a baby’s. Small, even white teeth behind them. A dimple in the chin. And everywhere, everywhere, golden, waving hair that stood away from my face in a bright halo and fell below where the mirror showed. My face or her face? It was the perfect face for a Night Flower. Like an exact translation from Flower to human. â€Å"Where is she?† my high, reedy voice demanded. â€Å"Where is Pet?† Her absence frightened me. I’d never seen a more defenseless creature than this half-child with her moonlight face and sunlight hair. â€Å"She’s right here,† Doc assured me. â€Å"Tanked and ready to go. We thought you could tell us the best place to send her.† I looked toward his voice. When I saw him standing in the sunlight, a lit cryotank in his hands, a rush of memories from my former life came back to me. â€Å"Doc!† I gasped in the tiny, fragile voice. â€Å"Doc, you promised! You gave me your oath, Eustace! Why? Why did you break your word?† A dim recollection of misery and pain touched me. This body had never felt such agony before. It shied away from the sting. â€Å"Even an honest man sometimes caves to duress, Wanda.† â€Å"Duress,† another terribly familiar voice scoffed. â€Å"I’d say a knife to the throat counts as duress, Jared.† â€Å"You knew I wouldn’t really use it.† â€Å"That I did not. You were quite persuasive.† â€Å"A knife?† My body trembled. â€Å"Shh, it’s all okay,† Ian murmured. His breath blew strands of golden hair across my face, and I brushed them away-a routine gesture. â€Å"Did you really think you could leave us that way? Wanda!† He sighed, but the sigh was joyful. Ian was happy. This insight made my worry suddenly much lighter, easier to bear. â€Å"I told you I didn’t want to be a parasite,† I whispered. â€Å"Let me through,† my old voice ordered. And then I could see my face, the strong one, with the sun-brown skin, the straight black line of the eyebrows over the almond-shaped, hazel eyes, the high, sharp cheekbones†¦ See it backward, not as a reflection, the way I’d always seen it before. â€Å"Listen up, Wanda. I know exactly what you don’t want to be. But we’re human, and we’re selfish, and we don’t always do the right thing. We aren’t going to let you go. Deal with it.† The way she spoke, the cadence and the tone, not the voice, brought back all the silent conversations, the voice in my head, my sister. â€Å"Mel? Mel, you’re okay!† She smiled then and leaned over to hug my shoulders. She was bigger than I remembered being. â€Å"Of course I am. Wasn’t that the point of all the drama? And you’re going to be fine, too. We weren’t stupid about it. We didn’t just grab the first body we saw.† â€Å"Let me tell her, let me!† Jamie shoved in beside Mel. It was getting very crowded around the cot. It rocked, unstable. I took his hand and squeezed it. My hands felt so feeble. Could he even feel the pressure? â€Å"Jamie!† â€Å"Hey, Wanda! This is cool, isn’t it? You’re smaller than me now!† He grinned, triumphant. â€Å"But still older. I’m almost -† And then I stopped, changing my sentence abruptly. â€Å"My birthday is in two weeks.† I might have been disoriented and confused, but I wasn’t stupid. Melanie’s experiences had not gone to waste; I had learned from them. Ian was every bit as honorable as Jared, and I was not going to go through the frustration Melanie had. So I lied, giving myself an extra year. â€Å"I’ll be eighteen.† From the corner of my eye, I saw Melanie and Ian stiffen in surprise. This body looked much younger than her true age, hovering on the edge of seventeen. It was this little deception, this preemptive claiming of my partner, that made me realize I was staying here. That I would be with Ian and the rest of my family. My throat thickened, felt oddly swollen. Jamie patted my face, calling my attention back. I was surprised at how big his hand felt on my cheek. â€Å"They let me come on the raid to get you.† â€Å"I know,† I muttered. â€Å"I remember†¦ Well, Pet remembers seeing you there.† I glared at Mel, who shrugged. â€Å"We tried not to scare her,† Jamie said. â€Å"She’s so†¦ kind of fragile-looking, you know? And nice, too. We picked her out together, but I got to decide! See, Mel said we had to get someone young-someone who had a bigger percentage of life as a soul or something. But not too young, because she knew you wouldn’t want to be a child. And then Jared liked this face, because he said no one could ever dis†¦ distrust it. You don’t look dangerous at all. You look the opposite of dangerous. Jared said anyone who sees you would just naturally want to protect you, right, Jared? But then I got the final say, because I was looking for someone who looked like you. And I thought this looked like you. Because she sort of looks like an angel, and you’re good like that. And real pretty. I knew you would be pretty.† Jamie smiled hugely. â€Å"Ian didn’t come. He just sat here with you-he said he didn’t care what you looked like. He wouldn’t let anyone else put a finger on your tank at all, not even me or Mel. But Doc let me watch this time. It was way cool, Wanda. I don’t know why you wouldn’t let me watch before. They wouldn’t let me help, though. Ian wouldn’t let anyone touch you but him.† Ian squeezed my hand and leaned in to whisper through all the hair. His voice was so low that I was the only one who could hear. â€Å"I held you in my hand, Wanderer. And you were so beautiful.† My eyes got all wet, and I had to sniff. â€Å"You like it, don’t you?† Jamie asked, his voice worried now. â€Å"You’re not mad? There’s nobody in there with you, is there?† â€Å"I’m not mad, exactly,† I whispered. â€Å"And I-I can’t find anybody else. Just Pet’s memories. Pet’s been in here since†¦ I can’t remember when she wasn’t here. I can’t remember any other name.† â€Å"You’re not a parasite,† Melanie said firmly, touching my hair, pulling up a strand and letting the gold slide between her fingers. â€Å"This body didn’t belong to Pet, but there’s nobody else to claim it. We waited to make sure, Wanda. We tried to wake her up almost as long as we tried with Jodi.† â€Å"Jodi? What happened to Jodi?† I chirped, my little voice going higher, like a bird’s, with anxiety. I struggled to get up, and Ian pulled me-it took no effort, no strength to move my tiny new body-into a sitting position with his arm supporting me. I could see all the faces then. Doc, no more tears in his eyes. Jeb, peeking around Doc, his expression satisfied and burning with curiosity at the same time. Next, a woman I didn’t recognize for a second because her face was more animated than I’d ever seen it, and I hadn’t seen it much anyway-Mandy, the former Healer. Closer to me, Jamie, with his bright, excited smile, Melanie beside him, and Jared behind her, his hands around her waist. I knew that his hands would never feel right unless they were touching her body-my body!-now. That he would keep her as close as he could forever, hating any inch that came between them. This caused me a fierce, aching pain. The delicate heart in my thin chest shuddered. It had never been broken before, and it didn’t understand this memory. It made me sorry to realize that I still loved Jared. I wasn’t free of that, wasn’t free of jealousy for the body he loved. My glance flickered back to Mel. I saw the rueful twist of the mouth that used to be mine, and knew she understood. I continued quickly around the cluster of faces circling my bed, while Doc, after a pause, answered my question. Trudy and Geoffrey, Heath, Paige and Andy. Brandt, even†¦ â€Å"Jodi didn’t respond. We kept trying as long as we could.† Was Jodi gone, then? I wondered, my inexperienced heart throbbing. I was giving the poor frail thing such a rough awakening. Heidi and Lily, Lily smiling a pained little smile-none the less sincere for the pain†¦ â€Å"We were able to keep her hydrated, but we had no way to feed her. We were worried about atrophy-her muscles, her brain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  While my new heart ached harder than it had ever ached-ached for a woman I’d never known-my eyes continued around the circle and then froze. Jodi, clinging to Kyle’s side, stared back at me. She smiled tentatively, and suddenly I recognized her. â€Å"Sunny!† â€Å"I got to stay,† she said, not quite smug but almost. â€Å"Just like you.† She glanced at Kyle’s face-which was more stoic than I was used to seeing it-and her voice turned sad. â€Å"I’m trying, though. I am looking for her. I will keep looking.† â€Å"Kyle had us put Sunny back when it looked like we would lose Jodi,† Doc continued quietly. I stared at Sunny and Kyle for a moment, stunned, and then finished the circle. Ian was watching me with a strange combination of joy and nervousness. His face was higher than it should have been, bigger than it used to be. But his eyes were still the blue I remembered. The anchor that held me to this planet. â€Å"You okay in there?† he asked. â€Å"I†¦ I don’t know,† I admitted. â€Å"This feels very†¦ weird. Every bit as weird as switching species. So much weirder than I would have thought. I†¦ I don’t know.† My heart fluttered again, looking into those eyes, and this was no memory of another lifetime’s love. My mouth felt dry, and my stomach quivered. The place where his arm touched my back felt more alive than the rest of my body. â€Å"You don’t mind staying here too much, do you, Wanda? Do you think that maybe you could tolerate it?† he murmured. Jamie squeezed my hand. Melanie put hers on top of his, then smiled when Jared added his to the pile. Trudy patted my foot. Geoffrey, Heath, Heidi, Andy, Paige, Brandt, and even Lily were beaming at me. Kyle had shuffled closer, a grin spreading across his face. Sunny’s smile was the smile of a coconspirator. How much No Pain had Doc given me? Everything was glowing. Ian brushed the cloud of golden hair back from my face and laid his hand on my cheek. His hand was so big just the palm covered from my jaw to my forehead; the contact sent a jolt of electricity through my silvery skin. It tingled after that first jolt, and the pit of my stomach tingled along with it. I could feel a warm flush pinking my cheeks. My heart had never been broken before, but it had also never flown. It made me shy; I had a hard time finding my voice. â€Å"I suppose I could do that,† I whispered. â€Å"If it makes you happy.† â€Å"That’s not good enough, actually,† Ian disagreed. â€Å"It has to make you happy, too.† I could only meet his gaze for a few seconds at a time; the shyness, so new and confusing to me, had my eyes dropping to my lap again and again. â€Å"I†¦ think it might,† I agreed. â€Å"I think it might make me very, very happy.† Happy and sad, elated and miserable, secure and afraid, loved and denied, patient and angry, peaceful and wild, complete and empty†¦ all of it. I would feel everything. It would all be mine. Ian coaxed my face up until I looked him in the eyes, my cheeks flushing darker. â€Å"Then you will stay.† He kissed me, right in front of everyone, but I forgot the audience quickly. This was easy and right, no division, no confusion, no objection, just Ian and me, the molten rock moving through this new body, melding it into the pact. â€Å"I will stay,† I agreed. And my tenth life began. How to cite The Host Chapter 59: Remembered, Essay examples

Gender Roles in Salt of the Earth, El Norte and Zoot Suit Essay Example For Students

Gender Roles in Salt of the Earth, El Norte and Zoot Suit Essay Throughout the history of Chicano film and literature, gender roles and gender specific stereotypes have played a monumental role, defining an entire generation of cinema. Whether it is the Latin lover and his irrepressible charm, the machismo who demonstrates extreme strength, the Dark Lady who invokes desire from men of every race, or the influential and hard working women who overcome insurmountable obstacles. In the film Salt of the Earth, directed by Herbert J. Biberman, the gender roles take a dramatic shift never seen before in Chicano film. The obvious differences in how society treats the men and the women of this mining town are quickly made clear; the men work and are part of the union while the women stay home and take care of the family. These men, and particularly those men from this generation with Mexican heritage, often saw women as weak and nearly useless in anything other than child rearing. This dependence seen in women of this time period was largely due in part to economics. The excessive gender distinction that created men as the working class prevented women from seeking means to become economically independent, thus never allowing them to act freely or to make key decisions regarding their position in life. In the early twentieth century, Mexican women adhered to strict gender roles; while Roman Quintero was forced to deal with increasingly poor work conditions, his wife Esperanza could only continue to run their home as she passively waited for change to come. Esperanza had literally no power within her home, or the wider community, so that the concerns she had for practical matters were almost completely ignored by the activities of the male Union activists. The women within the mining community were consistently treated with the same patronizing disdain that the Anglo workers displayed toward their Mexican counterparts. However, as time went on she and several of her peers found the strength and power of self-motivation to challenge and resist the limitations their gender had enforced upon them. I felt that if Johnny was going to be active in the union, why shouldnt I? Whats good for the goose is good for the gander. We felt that the union is not for the men only, its our union too. We felt that if our husbands were going to belong to the union, we should do something about it to. As the women shifted to a power position in union matters, married couples began fighting, as the men were hesitant to accept their wives interest in anything outside of their homes and relationships. Men like Ramon now had to confront the struggles of domestic life and the challenging feelings of emasculation that came along with taking a back seat to their wives. Aside from being the primary voice of the film, Esperanza is also the point of contact and empathy for viewers. Ultimately it is her strength of character and courage that brings the community together under a greater sense of social equality and solidarity. Whereas Ramon and the other men of the community are forced to submit to authority, becoming increasingly vulnerable to the repercussions from management. Esperanza and the other women of the community present a more convincing and disciplined front. Zoot Suit, directed and written by Luis Valdez was perhaps as meaningful and important of a film for its generation as Salt of the Earth, but presented the polar opposites in terms of gender roles. Valdez was influenced by the Chicano cultural nationalist movement in the 1960s and 1970s where the Chicanos sought to establish their identities as separate from that of the European influenced colonization of the Americas. In the Chicano cultural movement El Pachuco represents the Mayan mythological ideal of In LakEch, meaning that this alter ego embodies all Chicanos. .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 , .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 .postImageUrl , .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 , .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3:hover , .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3:visited , .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3:active { border:0!important; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3:active , .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3 .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc44e0141e6e1f9b1d674eeb6c67ec6a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender Inequality Still Exists EssayEssentially, the message the Chicano nationalists and subsequently Luis Valdez is trying to communicate through El Pachuco is that female desires are interrelated with male desires and do not stand alone. This leads to the women having little freedom to establish their cultural identity outside of and apart from their male counterparts. Pachuco is the ultimate male; his resolve, his confidence and his knowledge are everything this culture looked up to in an individual. By portraying Pachuco as the alter ego of Hank Reyna, Valdez is able to demonstrate how this myth would act in any given situation a normal man would find himself in. Yet having an embodied icon walking and talking amongst common men greatly increases the pressure for every male role in this film to constantly and consistently exude masculinity. El Norte, directed by Gregory Nava displays the brutal realities of immigration and the brother and sister combination of dual protagonists allows for an in depth demonstration of gender roles with immigrants looking for success in the United States. Rosas journey is not similar to Esperanzas in substance but she has to similarly fight several uphill battles throughout. Enrique is also faced with hardships as he is in a constant fight to follow his fathers dying wish and to not become just another strong arm to be used by others. No matter what country Rosa and Enrique are in, they fall victim to the same gender roles in the workforce. While in Guatemala Enrique is out in the fields and Rosa is at home cleaning clothes and cooking. Consequently, in the United States Rosa assumes the same roles by working for a commercial clothing manufacturer and cleaning houses. Whereas Enrique was clearly destined to work as a day laborer; a fate initially delayed by his momentary stroke of good fortune. It begs the question, is Gregory Nava trying to show the viewer that gender roles transcend cross cultural divides or is it simply coincidence that these characters fall into the same gender patterns that were prevalent in their home country? Either way, it seems as though no matter what situation they are in, they cant escape the stereotypes of their genders, even though Rosa has been able to do everything physically and emotionally that Enrique was capable of throughout their treacherous journey. Is Gregory Nava at this point also saying genders are equal and the only thing that causes inequality is society? Enrique did however find success; his job at the restaurant appeared to be his avenue to achievement in the United States. Yet all it took was one jealous coworker to destroy everything he had worked for. Thus, the actions of men (culture) impact the life of a man (Enrique). Competition amongst male immigrants was fierce, as Enrique was not the only one with a story to tell that was willing to work hard to create a name for himself. In conclusion, Salt of the Earth, Zoot Suit and El Norte, were each effective in their own right and each still stand as staples of Chicano film culture. Salt of the Earth was graced with a strong female lead in a portrayal of a true story, and unapologetically sought to redefine a womans role in Latin America. Zoot Suit captured an important movement in Mayan and Chicano history and the embodiment of the captivating yet subtle El Pachuco is a character that will not soon be forgotten. El Norte went to dramatic lengths and gave a realists perspective suggesting that no matter how strong the desire may be, breaking barriers will always come with a high risk of failure; whether it be that of a struggling immigrant or simply one confined by the expectations of their gender. .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b , .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b .postImageUrl , .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b , .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b:hover , .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b:visited , .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b:active { border:0!important; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b:active , .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u032e1221119d2ba26536be36841a0f6b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender Roles in the Renaissance EssayBibliography: Rosenfelt, Deborah Silverton, Salt of the Earth, Class Reader, 2014: 135-139. Fregoso, Rosa Linda, Zoot Suit: The Return to the Beginning, Class Reader, 2014: 269-278. Fregoso, Rosa Linda, Nepantla in Gendered Subjectivity, Class Reader, 2014:106-109.